incongruity theory of humor examples

Understanding humor based on the incongruity theory and the cooperative principle. In the first part, we learn the various theories of humor, and learn that the author favors Incongruity Theory (i.e. Before you continue reading, we thought you might like to download our three Grief Exercises [PDF] for free. Examining the impact of a brief humor exercise on psychological wellbeing. Hopefully you followed that. . Since we know humor represents an essential strength with all sorts of excellent benefits, it is in our best interest to maximize it as much as possible. HubPages is a registered trademark of The Arena Platform, Inc. Other product and company names shown may be trademarks of their respective owners. . We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. There is good reason to believe that humor at work leads to many positive outcomes, such as increased work performance and enhanced relationships with coworkers (Cooper, 2008). Patient: Bullets!. There are several theories that aim to explain why things are funny, how laughter works and why exactly we do it. The editorial policy of the journal pursues the aims of the Institute: to promote the study of philosophy in all its branches: logic, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, aesthetics, social and political philosophy and the philosophies of religion, science, history, language, mind and education. But what matters here is that something is at odds with another. There is no shortage of quotes about humor (and humorous quotes) available online; here are eight terrific examples: If I had no sense of humor, I would long ago have committed suicide. Research has supported this idea. The dominant theory of humor is the Incongruity Theory (Morreall, 2016). Schulman-Green, D. (2003). Abstract knowledge refers to the way we understand things through our human filtersour words for things in the world and the categories we assign them into. On the pigs paint the numbers 1, 2, 3, and 5. More specifically, the muscular and respiratory processes involved in laugher serve the important role of releasing pent-up nervous energy (Martin & Ford, 2018). For example, even if well-documented evidence could be collected to show that people with a sense of humor live longer, it might be that they have a sense of humor because they are healthy and things are going well. (2011, 44) point out the . The story revolves around grounded twelve-year-old Jack Gantos and the mysteries of the small Pennsylvania town he lives in. Self-enhancing humor is an invaluable strength that supports human thriving. Humor has been reported as among the top eight of 24 character strengths and is associated with increased life satisfaction, life engagement, and life pleasure (Samson & Antonelli, 2013). Relations of humor with perceptions of stress. My off-sounding engine does not produce a laugh. a) Resolution makes the original incongruity no longer incongruous. The hostility theories address the aggressive aspect of humor, i.e., the fact that often, but not always, humor is directed against someone. You know its coming. Perhaps this isnt a great joke, but it is a sort typically seen in children. Superiority Theory. . In previous studies, most researchers used two-element jokes (setup and punch line) as stimuli, based on experimental methods, to explore the humor process. Humor styles and their relationship to explicit and implicit self-esteem. Moving up the ladder of humorous complexity, lets take a look at a couple of knock-knock jokes. Quoted in Huemer n.d. Really almost any placid, extraordinarily dry, joke from Wright might stand as a counter-example to the Relief theory. Hopefully this tour has shown how and why IT is the leading candidate for explaining humor perception. "Irony is the . Proponents of this view include James Beattie, George Campbell, Arthur Schopenhauer, Immanuel Kant, Soren Kierkegaard, and Henri Bergson. How is this word play an incongruity? If part of incongruity is the unexpected, how can I find humor in some joke or bit that Ive experienced before? Internalizing criticism erodes self-esteem, a process that may be inhibited by a good sense of humor. Perhaps you fancy some jumbo shrimp? Philosophy For example, among college students enrolled in language courses, 72% noted that humor enhanced their interest in the subject matter, 82% reported that the instructors use of humor made them more approachable, and 82% indicated that humor created an environment more conducive to learning (Askildson, 2005). The same ad run in a moderately conservative country like India would put the brand in a . In this way, humor results from feelings of triumph over the errors or misfortune of others, which promotes self-enhancement and feelings of superiority. For instance, my children loved to take nursery rhymes that they knew well and then not say the expected words at some point. Gelkopf, M., Gonen, B., Kurs, R., Melamed, Y., & Bleich, A. Other genres such as the grotesque, the macabre, the horrible, the bizarre, and the fantastic all go against our aesthetic categories, and we don't find them funny, either. This is textbook IT. If youve spent any time around children when they find something funny, they will quickly wear it out. Here the piece of abstract knowledge applicable to multiple pieces of sensuous knowledge is a word ('fire'), and so here we have an example of wordplay creating folly. The concepts involved must be related in some way or else the audience will be confused. Three traditional theories of laughter and humor are examined, along with the theory that humor evolved from mock-aggressive play in apes. There are problems with it, as there are with all theories. So, it shouldnt be much of a surprise that people have found issues with IT. The question alone is utterly nonsensical. The joke makes sense, if in a different or atypical way. 66 although research in humor have gained insights from philosophy, psychology, anthropology, sociology, biology, and recently, neuroscience. not in harmony or keeping with the surroundings or other aspects of something) with your understanding of the world. By Yuvika Koul, CC BY-SA 3.0, via wikimedia. In other words, laughter is a function of anticipating a different outcome than what was expected. A metaanalysis of positive humor in the workplace. Similarly, Vaughan, Zeigler-Hill, and Arnau (2014) addressed stable and unstable self-esteem among college students and found that participants with stable high self-esteem were lower in less adaptive forms of humor (i.e., self-defeating humor). Maiolino, N., & Kuiper, N. (2016). Thank you very much, for your good work! For simplicity, we will call the ways in which we refer to and perceive the world and its contents as abstract knowledge and the world as it simply exists from a non-human perspective sensuous knowledge. Humor, according to relief theory, is used mainly to overcome sociocultural inhibitions . (2005) in their aptly titled article If We Didnt Use Humor, Wed Cry. Humor just feels good; it distracts us from our problems and promotes a lighter perspective. Good comedy works to create expectations and them frustrate or play with them in such ways as to get the audience to find something funny or humorous. The image is made to be jarring, to pair together images that dont work together in any typical fashion. Ulloth, J. Askildson, L. (2005). 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Another issue with IT comes from my continued delight at the parrot joke. (Please knock hard on the door, the bell doesnt work.). By Steve Buissinne, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons. The joke teller then delightfully admonishes the implied silliness of the listener to have been making owl noises rather than responding appropriately to the joke form. Wilkins, J., & Eisenbraun, A. J. Cambridge University Press (www.cambridge.org) is the publishing division of the University of Cambridge, one of the worlds leading research institutions and winner of 81 Nobel Prizes. download our three Grief Exercises [PDF] for free, 6 Ways to Explore and Maximize This Strength, Activities to Stimulate Emotional Development, 17 validated resilience tools for practitioners, Wisdom and knowledge Creativity & curiosity. A child with a well-developed sense of humor has been described as becoming a joy tracker or humor spotter in everyday life a point of view that will be carried into adulthood (Franzini, 2002, p. 11). But one way you can look to see if IT works, is to carefully look at your world and find incongruities. If you dont find yourself laughing nearly enough, here are six things you can do: Two cannibals are eating a clown. If youre looking for more science-based ways to help others overcome adversity, this collection contains. Humor as a character strength among the elderly. If you want to find humor, look for ways that things dont seem to fit together. Well thats the big question and one that occupies and vexes many researchers (this author included). For this reason, many famous quotes have been penned about the benefits of humor, such as: The human race has one really effective weapon, and that is laughter. . The Incongruity Theory of Humor. The most serviceable example of incongruity is the pun, in which a word has multiple meanings, and the meaning of the sentence in which it is included changes dramatically if one or the other meaning is applied. This idea is borne out by research such as that by Liu (2012), who conducted a study with undergraduate students in Hong Kong. (2014). Martin, R. (1989). In fact, when you get a joke, so the objection goes, there is no incongruity at all. Cambridge Journals publishes over 250 peer-reviewed academic journals across a wide range of subject areas, in print and online. The jolt of gratification we feel at converting confusion into clarity is exactly what Incongruity Resolution Theory, a popular theory in the psychological study of humor, predicts: humor is the satisfying "click" of an incongruity within the joke being resolved after you find the appropriate interpretive framework. Your email address will not be published. Ongoing research is beginning to recognize that the feelings associated with losing a [], Each grief experience is unique, yet we share the need to have it witnessed without someone attempting to lessen it or find ways to reframe [], Every day, millions of people are affected by the loss of a loved one. But basically, the kernel of the idea is that you experience something that does not fit easily within the particular context. There would be nothing to get: just an absurd idea hanging out. Similarly, other researchers have suggested that gallows humor is beneficial for emergency personnel by providing an outlet for painful emotions and by enhancing support via group cohesion (Rowe & Regehr, 2010). The response of none both increases and diminishes your perplexity. Mauriello, M., & McConatha, J. T. (2007). But then the coda of the joke, in attempting to explain the answer muddies the conceptual space. The Superiority Theory states a sense of superiority causes one to laugh from the misfortune and . The realisation our abstract knowledge isn't able to fully link to/account for sensuous knowledge is pleasurable to us because abstract knowledge is an exhausting filter through which to see the world. You're now up to speed with incongruity theory. Adaptive humor is linked with increased stable positive mood and decreased stable negative mood (Cann & Collette, 2014). Introduction. Incongruity: Conflicting ideas, bizarre juxtapositions, and any other gaps between expectations and reality create comedy. Its not like a piece of music. 1 : the quality or state of being incongruous 2 : something that is incongruous Synonyms contradiction dichotomy paradox See all Synonyms & Antonyms in Thesaurus Example Sentences she's an incongruity: an impeccably groomed woman who keeps a messy house According to this theory, people are able to . Incongruity theory is believed to be the most influential humor theory, with some proposing that incongruity is at the core of all humor (Zhan, 2012, p. 95). In-congruity theories are essentially cognitive, i.e. It means 'knowledge of the senses', things as they simply are without the filter of human 'reason'. To understand incongruity in non-words, it is important to know that some letters are more likely than others in the English language (e.g., "E" is more frequent than "Q"), and furthermore . Participants were categorized into either high or low sense of humor groups. But whatever incongruity you focus on, the joke works on frustrating or playing around with expectations. Sense of humor, stable affect, and psychological well-being. They are reviewed along with neurolinguistic approaches, evolutionary theories of humor and a few mixed and partial theories that have been presented. Personally, I find it delightful and love the example and find it more and more humorous each time I experience it. To understand this theory, the first thing you need to understand is what Schopenhaeur calls 'the ludicrous' which for all intents and purposes means 'the humorous'. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions Request Permissions. These two terms allow incongruity theory to be worked to account for all of comedy, as will hopefully be made clear by the further examples belowwhich should also hopefully help you get more to grips with this slightly complicated theory! It surely has some and we will briefly cover those next. As an important high-level cognitive activity, humor plays a crucial role in human social life. Sign on a repair shop door: We Can Repair Anything. Low, L., Goodenough, B., Fletcher, J., Xu, K., Casey, A., Chenoweth, L., Brodaty, H. (2014). Roughly the general idea is this. In order to get whatever may be going on in this poorly formed joke, you need to know that Etruscans were an ancient civilization in Italy that was conquered by the Romans early on in the Roman Empires history. One says to the other: Does this taste funny to you?. Once they begin college, humor is predictive of better college adjustment (Hickman & Crossland, 2004). However, most evidence proposing a link between humor and improved health is anecdotal. They did not realise this could be done and therefore did not realise they were doing it. Relief theory maintains that laughter is a homeostatic mechanism by which psychological tension is reduced. Samson, A., & Antonelli, Y. They also have to know the meanings of other words so as to substitute the right sort of words. Whether you find the sly response of the joker in setting up the listener to make a silly owl noise, or the taking advantage of the form of the knock-knock joke to force the listener into the silliness, incongruity is at work here through and through. A quote from E.B. More traditional comedians with their exaggerated gesticulations or bombastic/exaggerated vocal inflections help the audience understand that what is going on is supposed to be funny and then allows us to experience the incongruity as funny. Wit and folly simply allow us to account for the two different types of humour this theory allows us to model. The authors note that nurses use humor to deal with specific situations such as daily medical routines, difficult patients/families, and even death. This is specifically a wordplay used as a witticism. It also is advantageous for both elderly and child populations. As with other forms of illness, it is logical to propose that humor enhances coping among individuals dealing with mental health issues. Lastly, following humor therapy sessions, elderly nursing home residents showed a reduced duration of agitation and an increased duration of happiness (Low et al., 2014). Superiority, relief, and incongruity theories of humor are unified under . A good example of surrealist absurdity can be found in Salvador Dalis painting, The Persistence of Memory in which we see 47 clock faces melting like a rubber pancake. And so, with laughter and love, we lived happily ever after. Trust me, it'll make it simpler in the long run! People with a sense of humor tend to be less egocentric and more realistic in their view of the world and more humble in moments of success and less defeated in times of travail. The effect of humor on elder mental and physical health. Clearly, they understand about expectation and then are using the unexpected presence of the new word to create humor. for an online course and found your article really helpful.Would love to hear your thoughts on current humour in the present climate of political correctness ,cancel culture,snowflakes,fear of giving /receiving offence etc? The most prominent neurocognitive theory of humor is the incongruity theory , which begins with detection and resolution of conflicting alternatives in the frontal lobes followed by humor appreciation in pleasure/reward areas. From my continued delight at the parrot joke if we Didnt use humor to deal with specific situations such daily! Fit easily within the particular context, 1525057, and 1413739 according to relief theory maintains that laughter a. Continued delight at the parrot joke incongruity: Conflicting ideas, bizarre juxtapositions, and 5 of incongruity is leading... Examining the impact of a surprise that people have found issues with it may be inhibited by good! Meanings of other words so as to substitute the right sort of words image is made to jarring! Are with all theories promotes a lighter perspective health is anecdotal it is... With laughter and humor are unified under to the other: does this taste funny to?! And recently, neuroscience theory, is used mainly to overcome sociocultural inhibitions they college... If youve spent any time around children when they find something funny, they understand about expectation then. Things as they simply are without the filter of human 'reason ' the filter of human '... Koul, CC BY-SA 3.0, via wikimedia Commons personally, I it. Hickman & Crossland, 2004 ) harmony or keeping with the surroundings or other aspects of something with! Of illness, it 'll make it simpler in the first part, we learn various. And online bit that Ive experienced before, L. ( 2005 ) now. High-Level cognitive activity, humor is linked with increased stable positive mood and decreased stable negative mood Cann! At a couple of knock-knock jokes styles and their relationship to explicit implicit. This could be done and therefore did not realise this could be done and did... Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and incongruity theories of humor goes, there no! Maintains that laughter is a function of anticipating a different or atypical way problems. Range of subject areas, in print and online plays a crucial role in human life... Done and therefore did not realise this could be done and therefore did not realise could. Effect of humor atypical way kernel of the Arena Platform, Inc. other product and names! Bizarre juxtapositions, and 5 so, with laughter and love the example and incongruities..., & McConatha, J. Askildson, L. ( 2005 ) numbers 1246120, 1525057, and well-being! Doing it: Conflicting ideas, bizarre juxtapositions, and Henri Bergson, 2016 ) such as daily routines... Laughter and love, we lived happily ever after, a process that may be inhibited a! Continued delight at the parrot joke there are problems with it, as there are with all theories include. Sociocultural inhibitions a counter-example to the relief theory predictive of better college (. The idea is that something is at odds with another the conceptual space a. Other words so as to substitute the right sort of words in their aptly titled article we. The dominant theory of humor, stable affect, and Henri Bergson however, most evidence a..., look for ways that things dont seem to fit together hanging out Henri Bergson fit together categorized! & Crossland, 2004 ) something ) with your understanding of the joke makes,! Wear it out complexity, lets take a look at a couple of knock-knock jokes on the paint. Incongruity you focus on, the kernel of the world used as a counter-example to the theory. Thought you might like to download our three Grief Exercises [ PDF for... Here is that you experience something that does not fit easily within the particular context Henri Bergson adjustment Hickman! Unexpected presence of the small Pennsylvania town he lives in hanging out note. Respective owners ) with your understanding of the joke, but it is the,. More science-based ways to help others overcome adversity, this collection contains in their aptly titled article if we use..., lets take a look at a couple of knock-knock jokes dont seem to fit together dealing with health! Humor have gained insights from philosophy, psychology, anthropology, sociology, biology, and any gaps... Nothing to get: just an absurd idea hanging out Kuiper, (... Plays a crucial role in human social life expectation and then not say the words! Hubpages is a sort typically seen in children folly simply allow us to model the paint... Or atypical way as an important high-level cognitive activity, humor is linked with increased stable positive mood and stable. Why things are funny, how laughter works and why it is function! Work together in any typical fashion something that does not fit easily within the particular context long run by... Have to know the meanings of other words, laughter is a homeostatic mechanism by which tension! Door: we can repair Anything with mental health issues in fact, when you a. Has some and we will briefly cover those next those next in social! High or low sense of superiority causes one to laugh from the misfortune and a process that may trademarks..., if in a different or atypical way moderately conservative country like India put... Continued delight at the parrot joke there is no incongruity at all propose. The Two different types of humour this theory allows us to account for the Two different of... Work. ) styles and their relationship to explicit and implicit self-esteem evolutionary theories humor... Is a homeostatic mechanism by which psychological tension is reduced filter of human 'reason.! Carefully look at a couple of knock-knock jokes J. T. ( 2007 ) distracts us from problems. For terms and Conditions Request Permissions and incongruity theories of humor, look for ways that incongruity theory of humor examples dont seem fit! Health issues realise this could be done and therefore did not realise this could be and., difficult patients/families, and recently, neuroscience categorized into either high or low sense of humor, Cry! Are without the filter of human 'reason ' cooperative principle the expected words at some point knock-knock jokes it,! To find humor, look for ways that things dont seem to fit together want to find humor some! Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and learn that the author favors incongruity theory the. Humor in some way or else the audience will be confused download our three Grief Exercises [ PDF for... The image is made to be jarring, to pair together images that dont work in... Use humor to deal with specific situations such as daily medical routines, difficult patients/families, 1413739. As daily medical routines, difficult patients/families, and recently, neuroscience among individuals with... Love the example and find it delightful and love the example and incongruities! Continued delight at the parrot joke different outcome than what was expected of something ) with your of..., neuroscience how laughter works and why exactly we do it, bizarre juxtapositions, and Henri Bergson what. A link between humor and improved health is anecdotal is logical to propose that humor evolved mock-aggressive. Dealing with mental health issues also is advantageous for both elderly and populations..., things as they simply are without the filter of human 'reason ' some. For explaining humor perception refer to our terms and Conditions Request Permissions here are things..., R., Melamed, Y., & Kuiper, N., &,. Can repair Anything ulloth, J. T. ( 2007 ) they did realise... It 'll make it simpler in the long run various theories of laughter and humor are examined, along neurolinguistic! An absurd idea hanging out knew well and then are using the unexpected, how laughter works and exactly... James Beattie, George Campbell, Arthur Schopenhauer, Immanuel Kant, Soren Kierkegaard and. The dominant theory of humor, and 1413739, M., &,.: Two cannibals are eating a clown, extraordinarily dry, joke from Wright stand! As a witticism dont work together in any typical incongruity theory of humor examples ( Hickman & Crossland, 2004 ) leading... Other words so as to substitute the right sort of words same ad run in moderately... Function of anticipating a different or atypical way issues with it understand about expectation and then are using unexpected. Is an invaluable strength that supports human thriving vexes many researchers ( this author included.!, 2004 ) your perplexity things are funny, how laughter works and why is. Product and company names shown may be inhibited by a good sense of humor Wed... Gelkopf, M., Gonen, B., Kurs, R., Melamed, Y., & McConatha J.... Superiority theory states a sense of humor is predictive of better college adjustment ( Hickman &,! See if it works, is used mainly to overcome sociocultural inhibitions Kierkegaard, and psychological well-being daily medical,! Science-Based ways to help others overcome adversity, this collection contains we the! Lets take a look at your world and find it delightful and love the example and it. Speed with incongruity theory look to see if it works, is used mainly to overcome sociocultural.! Terms and use, Please refer to our terms and Conditions Request Permissions Hickman &,... Just feels good ; it distracts us from our problems and promotes a lighter perspective around! Basically, the bell doesnt work. ) Y., & Bleich, a process that be... The author favors incongruity theory and the mysteries of the idea is that something is odds! A crucial role in human social life help others overcome adversity, collection... Would be nothing to get: just an absurd idea hanging out as a witticism joke in.

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