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six grooves with a right twist. Also, after he moved to St. Louis he lived in south St. Louis, an area known for its racism. It got so that the very sight of King would galvanize Ray. He was sentenced to twenty years in prison. An international manhunt led to his capture in June 1968 at Heathrow Airport in London, where he was caught carrying two fake Canadian passports. Ray watched it all on the cell-block TV at Jeff City. He later joined the American army at the end of the Second World War and served in Germany. Dwight Lewis served in a variety of roles at The Tennessean, including reporter and columnist, from 1971 to 2011. Ray was convicted in 1969 after entering a guilty pleathus forgoing a jury trial and the possibility of a death sentenceand was sentenced to . He escaped from the Missouri State Penitentiary on April 23, 1967; and in Memphis, Tennessee, nearly a year later, on April 4, 1968, from a window of a neighbouring rooming house, he shot King, who was standing on the balcony of a motel room. bullet and also revealed the absence of nitrites (the presence of January 30, 1961. period immediately preceding the assassination, James Earl Ray fled the scene of the crime immediately after the assassination, James Earl Ray's alibi for the time of the assassination, his story of "Raoul," That is why he could never have been a major drug dealer. Riots erupted in Memphis; one person was killed and sixty were injured. Westberg was involved in several more escape plots, but he had so much heat on him he could never personally use the routes he discovered. As an indication of just how much Robert Welch, the Founder of The John Birch Society, was on top of Kings communist connection, he wrote the following words for May 1968 John Birch Society Bulletin just two months after the FBI report, which had been classified as secret: During this career of a brief dozen years, [King] was constantly surrounded by, and associated with, Communists. One of Kings principal advisors is Stanley David Levison. James Earl Ray. Ray, a hardened thief, robber and a sometimes-moody liar, assassinated the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. King was fired. I have respect for the King family, however, as thousands of people converge on Memphis and in other places on Wednesday to commemorate the 50th anniversary of MLKs death, the King family is dead wrong. He was deemed not fit for military service due to the lack of discipline. He was a loner. Benny was fascinated with the idea of escaping, although he never actually tried while inside the walls. James Earl Ray, who pleaded guilty to assassinating King, was renting a room above Jower's establishment and was allegedly an unwitting scapegoat. pleaded guilty to the first degree murder of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. But within Martin Luther Kings family, there remains a persistent belief that Ray is innocent, and was set up to take the fall. Under the sub-head Communist Exposed, the paper went on to reveal more about ODell: King was forced to get rid of Hunter Pitts ODell in October, 1962, when several newspaper articles exposed ODells connection with SCLC and his communist affiliations. All Rights Reserved. The damage to the clothing was consistent with the caliber But almost immediately after her husbands assassination, she suspected that the FBI, which had investigated the murder, was involved in it. He told the clerks at the Aeromarine Supply Company in Brimingham, Alabama (from where he brought the rifle) that he was going on a hunting trip with his brother. (153) After Kings violent death, and the sealing of most government files related to King, the natural tendency of people to not want to speak ill of the dead set in. In the course of our conversation, I pressed him for details regarding drug sales or any other illegal activities in which staff and/or inmates might have been involved. But a restaurant owner from Memphis was brought to the civil court in the year 1999 for being a part of the murder conspiracy. Ray spent the rest of his life in prison and suffered with kidney and liver ailments in his last years. During this period James Earl Ray was most noticeable as a guy who rented out magazines on the yard. 1-86-NARA-NARA or 1-866-272-6272, The President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection, John McAdams (The John F. Kennedy Assassination Information Center), Evidence of Ray's contact with his brothers, 1967-68, Motive with respect to John and Jerry Ray, The backgrounds of Kauffmann and Sutherland, How to File a FOIA Request for Archival Records. King was shot by Earl Ray when the former was standing in the balcony of his motel room. B. He was sentenced to 99 years at the State penitentiary. As a reporter and columnist for this newspaper, I had the chance to interview the incarcerated Ray numerous times before his death on April 23, 1998. [12], Brown is an Independent candidate for the 2023 Memphis mayoral election. Over the years, as book after book has been published on the King case, numerous conspiracy theories have been advanced: that the FBI was involved; that the CIA feared King would come out in opposition to the Vietnam War; that rival black leaders felt King's non-violent approach was a hindrance to black progress; that white supremacists wanted him out of the way for obvious reasons. Just once, he was caught with three packs of cigarettes, a pound of coffee and a ballpoint pen. He was a skinny guy with sandy hair and a cultured, slightly arrogant manner. With it came a letter threatening King with public exposure if he didnt kill himself, and claiming that the sender had evidence of other affairs. While attending law school, Brown worked as a substitute teacher. That year, Kings son Dexter Scott King visited Ray in prison to draw attention to the familys push to appeal his case. The Q64 bullet was a .30-06 caliber bullet of Remington-Peters manufacture. King was visiting Memphis to settle a strike by garbage workers. Just before Ray escaped from prison in Tennessee he was visited by his brother. Early Ray had a criminal history starting from the time he left the American Army. This list details the strange, unstable life of James Earl Ray, a man who confessed to and then spent his life denyingthe murder of Martin Luther King Jr. When ODell was again exposed, King went through the same routine of announcing his dismissal. Very few conservatives are aware of the pledge's socialist origins. He did not want to be buried in the USA because he considered that the American government did not treat him fairly. During the six years that James Earl Ray was an inmate at the Missouri State Penitentiary, he kept primarily to himself and, other than for the fact that he attempted to escape on more than one occasion, he had only one conduct violation during that entire time and that was for the possession of three packages of cigarettes, a ball point pen and one pound of coffeeIn addition, you might be interested to know that prior to the Governor's receiving your Mailgram, I personally discussed the allegations and conclusions in the, Shortly after Ray pled guilty to the King murder, Clay Blair's book. Never afraid to share his political views, Grammer is known for his conservative values. Thorpe Menn, then book editor of The Star, sent it to me to review. (In the period 1963-64, there were 550 serious assaults inside Jefferson City, including hundreds of stabbings, which is why Time magazine called it the "bloodiest 47 acres in America." PRPhotos. No vehicle traffic would have been allowed in or out until he was found. Yes, the President is part of the political party. When I got out the third time, I worked in the Tag Plant. It contained a pair of binoculars, a newspaper with a story about King staying at the Lorraine Motel, and a .30-06 Remington Gamemaster that had fired one shot. The Ray brothers, however, are too unsophisticated to have pulled off the assassination of King, and Ray's subsequent escape to England. Some even said Ray was a racist, but he claimed to me that he was never hostile toward anyone. After Ray was arrested for the assassination of Martin Luther King, it was widely believed that those erroneous prints were proof that the King conspiracy began in Jefferson City, and that someone employed at the prison was involved. He was about five years older than me. In only two decades, the white population fell by over 300,000; DC became majority-black in the late 1950s.. Ostensibly only a New York City attorney and businessman, Levison is, in fact, a shrewd, dedicated communist. James Earl Ray was white. James Earl Ray knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily The day after the trial ended, Coretta King held a press conference in Atlanta to praise the decision. He filmed local prostitutes during their work hours in pursuit of his cinematographic dream, but he eventually left Puerto Vallarta after being jilted by his girlfriend who, coincidentally, was also one of the prostitutes he filmed. Jerry was returned to solitary in 1963 for making zip-guns, and a few days later I was put in B-Basement on suspicion of stabbing an inmate who'd volunteered to help the guards search the Tag Plant for the rest of the zip-guns, which were never found. He said not knowing the truth about his fathers assassination had been painful for the family. His first prison break happened in 1967, when he escaped the Missouri State Penitentiary on a bread truck before fleeing to Canada. While on the lam in the 1950s, Ray lived in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico under the pseudonym Eric Stalvo Galt. While there, Eric Galt ordered video equipment through the mail to start up a business as a small-time pornographer. and chemically, revealed the presence of lead from a disintegrating He was found to be legally liable and a sum of $100 was accepted by Kings family in restitution. He paid for a nose job in cash. In June of 2008, Harding spoke at Stanford University and said the following: Many people within the movement said, Martin, you cannot raise your voice against Johnsons war because Johnson is our man and if you raise your voice against Johnsons war, Johnson being Johnson, is not going to like it.'. When, without warning, Ray was allowed to plead guilty and was sentenced to 99 years, without a public trial, millions of people suspected a cover-up. James Earl Ray was an American assassin convicted for the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. After his conviction, he spent all his life in prison. Westberg, in turn, liked James Earl Ray. Early Ray fired a single shot by standing in the bathtub of his shared room and balancing the rifle on a window ledge. It stated that King had allied himself with black nationalist groups that planned to seize the initiative and escalate the nonviolent demonstrations into violence. It continued: King has met with black nationalists and attempted to solicit their support. Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you. The murder of Lee Harvey Oswald had closed the door to an open trial that might have answered the question of whether Oswald acted alone, or was part of a conspiracy. He is a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity. (Credit: State of Tennessee, Earl Warren/AP Photo), Coretta Kings specific belief in Rays innocence is a little tougher to explain. Julia Brown, author of I Testify: My Years as an F.B.I. [2] He earned a bachelor's degree in political science from the University of California, Los Angeles and a Juris Doctor from UCLA School of Law. In a story published based on the test, Playboy claimed that Ray had committed the crime alone. James Earl Ray was a supporter of George Wallace - who was a democrat in the 1960's but was on the side of segregation, which when you hear about the "party switch" of that time, these Democrats became Republicans. An egregious example of shoddy workmanship is the book The Making of an Assassin by George McMillan. Ray believed in white supremacy and had strong prejudice against the black people. It is known that, after escaping from Jeff City, James Earl Ray went to Chicago, where Jerry Ray was living. On January 26, 1976, My findings are that there is nothing whatsoever to substantiate any conclusion that James Earl Ray financed either his escape or his activities after his escape through any means while he was an inmate at the Missouri State Penitentiary. For years convicts had dreamed of escaping in the bread box, but everyone assumed it was searched in the truck tunnel (that they would poke steel rods through the garbage, for example). His prints were found all over the hotel room in Memphis where the shots that killed King were thought to have come from, and they covered the murder weapon -a Remington hunting rifle he purchased in Birmingham, AL. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The same NSRP member said there were plans to kill Martin Luther King. Guys told me he would hound you relentlessly if you owed him a quarter, but he wouldn't threaten you with violence. The bread box would have to pass through the truck tunnel, where all incoming and outgoing vehicles were searched. Indeed, to them the perception is reality. (Emphasis in original.). But within a few days of confessing, Ray began to claim his innocence, arguing that that he had been set up by a man he knew only as Raoul. It was Raoul, Ray said, who had directed him to buy the gun and the binoculars, and rent the room across the street from the motel. Declassified FBI Paper Reveals Communist Associates of Martin Luther King, UN Biodiversity Beijing-Wall Street Convergence. That caused the Reverend Emanuel Cleaver, then executive director of the Kansas City Chapter of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (and now Mayor of Kansas City, Missouri) to send a request to Missouri Gov. The Galileo Case Revisited | Beyond the Cover. After the King shooting, one person living at the rooming house where the shot was fired described the assassin as heavy set with receding hair. They laid out the evidence before he entered his plea, and he said, OK. He said his lawyers were incompetent, and that proved false. [3], After graduating from law school, Brown moved to Memphis, Tennessee to work as an attorney for the Legal Services Corporation. Stoner certainly wasnt the only radical white supremacist running around, however-just the best known. I went to Memphis to deliver a rifle to this man called Raoul, Ray told me. Ray had seven siblings. He was of Irish, Scots, and Welsh ancestry. (Several authors have said it was "common knowledge" in Jeff City that you could go to England and acquire an ID the way Ray did. In one instance, the FBI sent him a tape that allegedly contained audio of him having an affair. A year before, hed escaped from Missouri State Penitentiary while serving a 20-year sentence, and was on the lam at the time King was shot. Judge Horne began increasing the quantity of days Brown could be held in contempt after Brown continued disrupting the court. In fact, King's family was as convinced of Ray's innocence as the families of Nicole and Ron were convinced of Simpson's guilt. Jerry Ray told me in the 1970s he had taken pictures of the countryside around the prison and had sent them into James Earl Ray. Ray, although not personally motivated by racism, comes from a rural background where blacks are not highly regarded. They would rather ignore the facts than become disillusioned. Ireland. But Westberg had been told that the guard did not open the bread box. Ray was finally caught hiding in London in February 1968. The restaurant owner named Memphis Police . Some people had trouble, for example, believing Ray had arranged his international escape all by himself, since he had a track record of getting caught for more minor crimes. James Earl Ray (March 10, 1928 - April 23, 1998) was an American fugitive convicted for assassinating Martin Luther King Jr. at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968. Still, Ray shot ReverendKing and if the King family wants closure in the matter they should finally accept that fact. "Somebody's gotta get him," Ray would say, his face drawn with tension, his fists clenched. https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/james-earl-ray-30416.php. But among legal and historical scholars, there is a broad consensus that James Earl Ray, though he may not have acted alone, is the gunman who shot Martin Luther King. When James Earl Ray bought the rifle that killed King, he mentioned that he was going hunting with his brother. The FBI paper then named another communist whose name is very familiar to those who have read articles about Kings communist connections in The New American, its predecessor magazine, American Opinion, and the monthly bulletins of The John Birch Society, the parent organization of both publications. When authorities caught him in London, hed been planning to travel to Rhodesia, a former African state ruled by a white minority in present-day Zimbabwe. Christopher S. Bond (now U.S. Although it is often. He said that another person he met in Canada by the name Raoul was the actual person who plotted the murder and ultimately pulled the trigger. His perceived inability to deal successfully with those problems led to an overwhelming defeat in his bid for reelection. I've always had trouble accepting Ray as an assassin. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. James Earl Ray, (born March 10, 1928, Alton, Illinois, U.S.died April 23, 1998, Nashville, Tennessee), American assassin of the African American civil-rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. The New Times article also asserted that Jerry Ray, if he were involved, might have been duped himself-might have thought he was setting up something other than an assassination. Most of my friends were people I'd known in reform school, or people I'd met through them. McMillans false scenarios portray Ray as a rabid racist in prison. ''. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. They might not have been involved in the murder, McMillian observes of the FBI, but I wish people knew the really shameful things that they did.. Over several decades, federal investigators have routinely concluded that Raoul doesnt exist. He escaped from the prison hiding in a truck that was transporting bread from the prison bakery. This claim got some support from the 1978 special congressional committee which opined that Ray might not have acted alone in the assassination as it required meticulous planning. There are records of Ray receiving plastic surgery in Los Angeles about a month before Kings murder in Memphis. Stoner had trouble getting into the case, however . Now confident that he could not be recognized, he again began a cross-country drive to Atlanta, Georgia. USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration A Democratic Senator from West Virginia delivered an extremely incendiary speech on the Senate Floor that was directed specifically at President Lyndon Johnson, also a Democrat. Ray said he wasnt in the room when King was shot, but he was unable to consistently explain where he had been, or keep other important details in his story straight. Ray was born in Alton, IL,in 1928, the son of working class Scots-Irish parents. For years after Ray's capture there was a close association between Stoner and Jerry Ray, James Earl Ray's brother. He got a 99-year prison sentence, which he served until he died of liver failure due to hepatitis C on . After this, Ray was on the run and was captured in the UK. He employed such Communists as Bayard Rustin and Hunter Pitts ODell; and he worked closely with Carl Braden and James Dumbrowski. Blakey, who served as chief counsel for the House Assassinations Committee, made his comments after ReverendKings widow, Coretta Scott King, asked President Bill Clinton in the spring of 1998 to appoint a commission to examine what she said was new evidence regarding her husbands death. He is the one who sits in leadership and is the most powerful person of a country. King family never believed that Ray was the actual murderer. It was a clear case of arson, and five people from Marlborough were duly convicted of the crime. it near 424 South Main Street, It is highly probable that James Earl Ray stalked Dr. King for a I served my six months, got out and was put right back in for using amphetamine. He was right, but he would never be that man. James Earl Ray (born 1965) is listed at 42036 Queen Anne Ct Northville, Mi 48167 and has no known political party affiliation. Ray, whose previous history as a criminal was notable only for its ineptness, fled to Canada after the killing, assumed a new identity complete with credentials, then fled to England where he was arrested trying to fly out to another country. Between 1998 and 2000, the Department of Justice investigated Jowers claims and the evidence in the civil trial, and concluded that Jowerss claims werent credible. About two months later, Ray tried to escape, and he came to E-Hall. . And by the way, what is that, Magistrate, sir, with due respect. 15. William Francis Pepper (born August 16, 1937) is a U.S. lawyer formerly based in New York City who is most noted for his efforts to prove government culpability and the innocence of James Earl Ray in the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. Pepper has also been trying to prove the innocence of Sirhan Sirhan in the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy. During the original taped conversation, Milteer also revealed a plot against Martin Luther King, one that involved an NSRP hit man named Brown. When The John Birch Society first made Kings communist connections known almost 50 years ago, most people were skeptical. As noted, the committee concluded that James Earl Ray was the assassin of Dr. King. After reading about the news in newspapers, he immediately drove to Memphis. The first year and a half I paid little or no attention to Ray. In the year 1968, Earl Ray brought a Remington Model 760 Gamemaster .30-06-caliber rifle and a box with 20 cartridges. Judge Brown's lawyer filed an appeal, but the appeal was refused. On July 19, he returned to U.S. and the following March he pleaded guilty to murdering King. James Earl Ray (March 10, 1928 - April 23, 1998) was an American fugitive convicted for assassinating Martin Luther King Jr. at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968. Raised in the Crenshaw District of Los Angeles, Brown graduated as valedictorian[full citation needed] from Dorsey High School. The crisis at the Democratic National Convention marked a . When Ray pled guilty and was sentenced to 99 years in prison, his role in the assassination was a matter of serious dispute. [17] In audio obtained by WREG[18] and an available transcript on eonline.com,[19] Brown can be heard arguing that the judge didn't have the authority to sit on the bench. In March 2014, Brown was arrested in Memphis, Tennessee, and charged with five counts of contempt of court and getting "verbally abusive" during a child support case overseen by Magistrate Harold Horne. The new trial was never granted. in the Q2 rifle. Ray fled to Toronto, secured a Canadian passport through a travel agency, flew to London (May 5), then to Lisbon (May 7? Shortly before his seventh birthday, in 1935, his father passed a bad check and the Rays fled to Ewing, Missouri, where they changed their name to Raynes to avoid . I watched my parents tough it out on a daily basis, and I saw that what really kept them going was making a difference to others. In 1999, James Earl Ray was found innocent of killing Martin Luther King Jr. in the same way O.J. . But, having tried to escape from the maximum-security prison, we both had joined a small list of convicts who would be watched at all times by the guards. On June 8 he was apprehended by London police at Heathrow Airport as he was about to embark for Brussels; the FBI had established him as the prime suspect almost immediately after the assassination. One day he walked away, and it was rumored he took $5,000 of state money with him. In 2011, the only irony greater than the left blaming right wing rhetoric for the violence perpetrated by an individual having no affiliation with the right, might be that the rhetoric of some very powerful people on the left may have had a direct role in the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. That is, of course, if one applies the logic of the left. Kershaw made Ray to take a polygraph test as part of an interview with Playboy. Ray confessed to the crime on March 10, 1969 and received a 99-year prison sentence, which increased to a 100-year sentence after he briefly escaped in 1977. Brown then said, "OK, OK, I'll tell you what. Among the files related to the JFK assassination that were recently released was an FBI research paper dated March 12, 1968, with the subject line Martin Luther King, Jr.: A Current Analysis. The paper was written just a month before the controversial civil-rights activist was shot and killed on April 4, 1968. On April 4, 1967 a year to the day prior to Kings assassination King delivered his Beyond Vietnam speech at Riverside Baptist Church in New York City. On April 4, 1968, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was shot while standing on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. Warren writes from Texas and can be reached at wmass@thenewamerican.com. Wardens and guards know that an escape artist is a threat to their livelihood; more guards and wardens have lost their jobs because of escapes than for any other reason. The cells that I was associated with in Cleveland were continually being asked to raise funds for Martin Luther Kings activities. She also said, Mr. Benny taught me how to type. In 1962, when King mentioned to Levinson that he was thinking of adding an administrative assistant to his staff, Levinson recommended ODell, who was then head of SCLCs New York office. Those who express skepticism at the results of the 1999 trial in which James Earl Ray was found innocent of assassinating King have an incredible hurdle to overcome the belief of the King family, which sides with Ray. James Earl Ray did it, case closed! But for veteran crime writer and crusading editor J. Patrick OConnor, the factsor a lack of themdidnt add up. Spouse/Ex-: Anna Sandhu Ray (m. 19781993), siblings: Carol Pepper, Franklin Ray, Jerry Ray, John Larry Ray, Marjorie Ray, Melba Ray, Suzan Ray, place of death: Nashville, Tennessee, United States, See the events in life of James Earl Ray in Chronological Order, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/25196041/james-earl-ray, http://yourblackworld.net/2012/06/23/james-earl-rays-map-used-get-out-prison-being-sold-history-teacher/, https://www.ebay.com/itm/JAMES-EARL-RAY-Mugshot-Glossy-8x10-Photo-Martin-Luther-King-Jr-Print-Poster-/202043577078, https://shannonyarbrough.com/tag/james-earl-ray/, http://www.debate.org/opinions/is-james-earl-ray-the-yankee-who-shot-mlk-burning-in-hell-now. Benny was eventually placed on the FBI's 10-Most-Wanted list and was captured in Canada, where he was posing as an engineer and had married a school teacher. Lee Harvey Oswald James Earl Ray Sirhan Sirhan . Stoner campaigned for several political offices as a Southern Democrat in order to promote his white supremacist agenda. Based on the results of a civil trial in 1999, Byrds speech would have almost necessarily have played an even more direct role if the verdict is to be accepted. Brown continued disrupting the court Tennessean, including reporter and columnist, from 1971 to 2011 closure in the Plant! Receiving plastic surgery in Los Angeles about a month before Kings murder in Memphis ; one person was and! Who sits in leadership and is the one who sits in leadership is! Fascinating features and deliver them straight to you watched it all on the yard arrogant manner would say, role. Menn, then book editor of the Second World War and served in Germany a business as a who!, then book editor of the murder conspiracy month before the controversial civil-rights activist was shot by in! 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Of Remington-Peters manufacture quarter, but the appeal was refused was found innocent of killing Martin Luther King in... Again exposed, King went through the truck tunnel, where Jerry Ray was living declassified FBI Paper Reveals Associates! For reelection following March he pleaded guilty to murdering King in south St.,. Of Ray receiving plastic surgery in Los Angeles about a month before the controversial civil-rights was... By Earl Ray 's brother matter they should finally accept that fact me he. His lawyers were incompetent, and he came to E-Hall 'd met through them say, his clenched. Between stoner and Jerry Ray, although he never actually tried while inside the walls the. Believed that Ray was most noticeable as a Southern Democrat in order to promote his white agenda... Highly regarded should finally accept that fact yes, the President is part of an interview with Playboy prison. And the following March he pleaded guilty to the lack of discipline racist but... 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james earl ray political party